Steel products knowledge (one)----Steel classification
The first section steel classification
First, ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal
1st, ferrous metal
Is refers to hard and the hard alloy. Like steel, pig iron, ferroalloy, cast iron and so on. The steel and the pig iron are take the iron as foundations, take the carbon as the main increase element's alloy, is called as the iron-carbum alloy.
The pig iron is refers to the iron ore puts the product which smelts to the blast furnace in becomes, mainly uses for to make steel and to make the casting.
Places in the iron-smelting furnace the foundry pig iron to smelt, namely obtains the cast iron (liquidity, carbon amount is bigger than 2.11% iron-carbum alloys), becomes the casting the liquidity cast iron casting, this kind of cast iron calls to cast the iron stock.
The ferroalloy is by elemental composition and so on iron and silicon, manganese, chromium, titanium alloy, the ferroalloy is one of steel-making raw materials, when steel-making makes the steel the deoxidizer and the alloying element chemical additive uses.
The carbon amount is lower than 2.11% iron-carbum alloys to be called the steel, puts the steel-making with the pig iron to the steel-smelting furnace in smelts according to certain craft, namely obtains the steel. The steel product has the steel ingot, the continuous casting semifinished product and casts each kind of steel casting directly and so on. Usually says the steel, is generally refers to rolling Cheng Ge to plant the steel products the steel.
2nd, non-ferrous metal
Also calls the nonferrous metal, refers to besides the ferrous metal the metal and the alloy, like copper, tin, lead, zinc, aluminum as well as brass, bronze, aluminum alloy and bearing metal and so on. Moreover also uses the chromium, the nickel, the manganese, the molybdenum, the cobalt, the vanadium, the tungsten, the titanium in the industry and so on, these metals mainly serve as the alloy addition, improves the metal the performance, the tungsten, the titanium, the molybdenum and so on multipurpose produce the hard alloy which the cutting tool uses. Above these non-ferrous metals are called the industrial used metal, in addition also has the noble metal: Platinum, gold, silver and so on and rare metal, including radioactive uranium, radium and so on.
Second, steel classification
Steel principal element besides iron, carbon, but also has the silicon, the manganese, the sulfur, the phosphorus and so on. The steel taxonomic approach are many and varied, its main method has the following seven kinds:
1st, according to quality classification
(1) simple steel (P≤0.045%, S≤0.050%)
(2) fine steel (P, S ≤0.035%)
(3) high-quality fine steel (P≤0.035%, S≤0.030%)
2nd, according to chemical composition classification
(1) carbon steel:
a. low-carbon steel (C≤0.25%); b. medium carbon steel (C≤0.25~0.60%); c. high-carbon steel (C≤0.60%).
(2) alloy steel:
a. low-alloy structural steel (alloying element total content ≤5%); b. medium alloy steel (alloying element total content >5~10%); c. high alloy steel (alloying element total content >10%).
3rd, according to formed method classification:
(1) forging steel; (2) cast steel; (3) hot-rolled steel; (4) cold drawn steel.
4th, deposit tissue typing
(1) annealed condition: a. hypo-eutectoid steel (ferrite + pearlyte); b. eutectoid steel (pearlyte); c. hyper-eutectoid steel (pearlyte + iron carbide); d. lai body steel (pearlyte + iron carbide).
(2) hot condition: a. pearlitic steel; b. bainite steel; c. martensite steel; d. austenite steel.
(3) does not have changes or the part occurs changes
5th, according to purpose classification
(1) construction and the project use the steel: a. ordinary carbon structural steel; b. low-alloy structural steel; c. steel bar steel.
(2) structural steel
a. machine manufacture uses the steel: (a) quenching and tempering structural steel; (b) surface hardening structural steel: Including the carburizing steel, infiltrates the ammonia steel, the case hardening to use the steel; (c) easy to cut the structural steel; the (d) cold plasticity forming uses the steel: Uses the steel, Leng Duiyong including the cold stamping the steel.
b. spring steel
c. bearing steel
(3) tool steel: a. ordinary tool steel; b. alloy tool steel; c. high-speed tool steel.
(4) special performance steel: a. stainless acidproof steel; b. high-temperature steel: Including oxidation resistance steel, hot strong steel, air valve steel; c. electric heating alloy steel; d. wear-resisting steel; the e. low temperature uses the steel; the f. electrician uses the steel.
(5) specialty with the steel - - like bridge with the steel, the ships with the steel, the boiler with the steel, the pressure vessel with the steel, the farm machinery uses the steel and so on.
6th, synthesis classification
(1) simple steel
a. carbon structural steel: (a) Q195; (b) Q215 (A, B); (c) Q235 (A, B, C); (d) Q255 (A, B); (e) Q275.
b. low-alloy structural steel
c. specific use ordinary structural steel
(2) fine steel (including high-quality fine steel)
a. structural steel: (a) high quality carbon structural steel; (b) alloy structural steel; (c) spring steel; (d) Yi Qiegang; (e) bearing steel; (f) specific use high quality structural steel.
b. tool steel: (a) ordinary tool steel; (b) alloy tool steel; (c) high-speed tool steel.
c. special performance steel: (a) stainless acidproof steel; (b) high-temperature steel; (c) electric heating alloy steel; the (d) electrician uses the steel; (e) high manganese wear-resisting steel.
7th, according to smelting method classification
(1) presses the stove to plant the minute
a. bessemer steel: (a) bessemer steel; (b) thomas steel. Or (a) bottom-blowing converter steel; (b) side-blown bessemer steel; the (c) support blows the bessemer steel.
b. Electric steel: (a) arc furnace steel; (b) electroslag furnace steel; (c) induction furnace steel; (d) vacuum consumable electrode furnace steel; (e) electron beam stove steel.
(2) presses deaeration degree and the casting system minute
a. boiling steel; b. semi-killed steel; c. calm steel; d. special calm steel.